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Acceso Abierto In search of dark patterns in chatbots(2024) Traubinger, Verena; Heil, Sebastian; Grigera, Julián; Garrido, Alejandra; Gaedke, MartinWhile Dark Patterns are widely present in graphical user interfaces, in this research we set out to find out whether they are also starting to appear in Chatbots. Dark Patterns are intentionally deceptive designs that trick users into acting contrary to their intention - and in favor of the organization that implements them. Chatbots, as a kind of conversational user interface, can potentially also suffer from Dark Patterns or other poor interaction design, sometimes referred to as Usability Smells. This keeps users from easily achieving their goals and can lead to frustration or limitations for users. To find Dark Patterns and Usability Smells, we analyzed user reports of negative experiences. Since we found no well known dataset of reports, we created the ChIPS dataset with 69 complaints from different web sources, and then classified them as one of 16 established Dark Patterns, potential new Dark Patterns, Usability Smells, or neither. Results show that, even though there are instances of established Dark Patterns, negative experiences usually are caused by chatbot defects, high expectations from users, or non-intuitive interactions. - Artículo
Acceso Abierto ¿Qué industria de software promovemos y cuál necesitamos?(2021) Moncaut, Nicolás; Baum, Gabriel; Robert, VerónicaEn este artículo se discute el tipo de especialización que tiene la industria del software argentina y la forma de inserción en cadenas globales de valor. se argumenta que la ley de software de 2004 con vigencia hasta 2019 ha resultado determinante en la orientación del perfil productivo y comercial del sector. asimismo, se demuestra que la nueva ley de industrias del conocimiento, incluso después de las modificaciones introducidas a comienzos de 2020, tenderá a afianzar esta especialización en lugar de alentar procesos de upgrading en el sector. sostenemos que el modelo promovido desde las políticas públicas ha resultado exitoso en términos de crecimiento de la facturación, empleo y exportaciones del sector. sin embargo, deja vacantes otros espacios de interés para la política pública como la imbricación con el entramado productivo nacional, que incremente la productividad manufacturera y la exportación de productos y servicios de alto valor, con posibilidad de crecimiento basado en la apropiación de rentas de conocimiento. - Contribucion a revista
Acceso Abierto Nota editorial, Electronic Journal of SADIO volumen 22, número 3(2023) Lliteras, Alejandra; Agredo Delgado, VanessaEste número de la revista EJS contiene un selecto grupo de artículos del Workshop Decisioning 2022, con foco en la discusión e intercambio de conocimientos entre la academia y los miembros de la industria. - Documento de conferencia
Acceso Abierto Requirements Engineering for Continuous Queries on IoRT Data: a case study in agricultural autonomous robots monitoring(2024) Antonelli, Leandro; Badir, Hassan; Bazza, Houssam; Bimonte, Sandro; Rizzi, StefanoThe Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) is an extension of the Internet of Things, where intelligent mobile devices acquire sensor data and physically act in the environment. IoRT devices produce huge data streams, typically analyzed using continuous queries. We propose an approach to engineer requirements about continuous queries over IoRT data. Our proposal is specifically devised for end-users not skilled in IT and relies, for requirements elicitation, on spreadsheet-like templates called stream tables. Requirements analysis uses a novel UML profile, while requirements specification and validation rely on a fast prototyping tool so as to allow end-users to define continuous queries by themselves and validate them via web-based prototyping. Non-functional requirements are taken into account as well, in the form of available technological resources and data sources, and used for requirements validation. The results of some preliminary tests made with some real users suggest that stream tables are a valuable instrument for the engineering of continuous queries, and that fast prototyping is an effective support to the specification and validation steps. - Artículo
Acceso Abierto Development iterations based on web augmentation and context tasks(2022) Gutiérrez Marticorena, Lucy; Morales, Leonardo; Antonelli, Leandro; Rossi, Gustavo Héctor; Firmenich, DiegoThe use of prototypes in requirements engineering has widely known benefits since they actively involve the stakeholders in the development process. Web Augmentation techniques make it possible to build prototypes relying on existing web applications. Thus, high fidelity mockups can be quickly generated. One of the most critical activities is dividing requirements into tasks and managing them through the development process. This paper proposes an approach that includes high fidelity mockups into the Task-oriented Development approach. The proposed approach consists of the following steps: (i) end-users specifies requirements, (ii) a product owner verifies and prioritizes the requirements, (iii) tasks are defined and included in a kanban board, (iv) developers should provide the functionality, and (v) the product owner should approved the functionality. The main contribution of this approach is to integrate the requirements specified through web augmentation mockups, into the development environment via a task-oriented development approach. Thus, developers will have a rich context that facilitates the understanding of the requirements. At the same time, the management of the development process will have benefits because of the traceability between tasks and requirements. This paper describes the approach proposed, called ”WAMRI”, and an application of its usage, as well as a tool to support the application. - Artículo
Acceso Abierto ¿Hacia dónde se encamina la industria argentina de software?(2022) Moncaut, Nicolás; Baum, Gabriel; Robert, VerónicaSe analizan las características de la industria de software argentina en el marco de su inserción en cadenas globales de valor y el rol de los incentivos fijados por las dos principales políticas de promoción del sector. Por un lado, la Ley de Software que rigió entre 2004 y 2019, promovió y orientó el patrón de especialización productivo y comercial de esta industria, acorde con los requerimientos de la subcontratación global de servicios informáticos. Por otro lado, la actual Ley de Economía del Conocimiento tiende a afianzar esta especialización en lugar de alentar procesos de cambio estructural del sector software. En este marco se concluye que la orientación de las políticas públicas, si bien ha promovido el crecimiento de la facturación, empleo y “exportación de capacidades” del sector, no ha producido un efecto transversal sobre la productividad de la industria nacional. Finalmente, se presentan algunas propuestas que podrían ayudar a reorientar el perfil productivo y comercial del sector. - Documento de conferencia
Acceso Abierto A Data Service Layer for Web Browser Extensions(2023) Tacuri, Alex; Firmenich, Sergio; Fernández, Alejandro; Rossi, Gustavo HéctorNowadays, Web browser extensions are the more convenient way to modify existing Web applications and the browser itself to satisfy non-contemplated requirements. Extensions play an important role because of the relevance that the Web and the Web browser have in our daily life. The functionality offered by Web extensions varies. Many Web extensions are tools that improve the interaction with existing Web sites based on techniques such as mashups and Web augmentation. Accessing and manipulating Web sites’ content is a challenge for the development and maintenance of extensions. In this paper, we present a data service layer that allows extension developers to create APIs based on Web annotations to access existing Web content. The data service layer simplifies the retrieval of structured information from Web pages, without the need of DOM manipulation in the extension code. We provide visual programming tools to create these APIs so there is no need for advanced programming skills, making extension development and maintenance easier. - Documento de conferencia
Acceso Abierto SEMIoTICA - Security Scenarios Modeling for IoT-based Agriculture Solutions(2023) Hurtado, Julio Ariel; Antonelli, Leandro; López, Santiago; Gómez, Adriana; Delle Ville, Juliana; Zambrano, Frey Giovanny; Solis, Andrés; Camacho, Marta Cecilia; Solinas, Miguel; Kaplan, Gladys; Muñoz, FreddyAgriculture is a vital human activity contributing to sustainable development. A few decades ago, the agricultural sector introduced the Internet of Things (IoT), playing a relevant role in precision and smart farming. IoT developments in farms require a lot of connected devices working cooperatively. It increases the vulnerability of IoT devices mostly because it lacks the necessary built-in security due to their constrained context and computational capacity. Additionally, storage and data processing connecting with edge or cloud servers are the reason for many security threats. To ensure that IoT-based solutions meet functional and non-functional requirements, particularly security, software companies should adopt a security-focused approach to their specification. This paper proposes a method for specifying security scenarios integrating requirements and architecture viewpoints in the context of the IoT in agriculture solutions. The method comprises four activities. First, the description of scenarios for the intended software. After that, scenarios with incorrect system use should be described. Then, these are translated into security scenarios using a set of rules. Finally, the security scenarios are improved. Additionally, this paper describes a preliminary validation of the approach, which software engineers in Argentina and Colombia performed. The results show that the approach proposed allows software engineers to define and analyze security scenarios in the IoT and agriculture contexts with good results. - Documento de conferencia
Acceso Abierto Named Entity Extraction in Requirement Specification: A Comparison(2023) Tanevitch, Luciana; Antonelli, Leandro; Torres, DiegoSoftware requirements specifications generally are written in natural language. Identifying and extracting the main concepts involved in a requirements specification could be useful for the development process, quality assurance, and software maintenance. However, a computer agent is not able to process and understand immediately the content and information included in the natural language documents. Named entity extraction is a task that involves recognizing entities in a text and linking them to a knowledge graph to disambiguate them. In the field of requirements, applying this task can be useful for building structures that allow for the representation and efficient management of complex information. Different tools are focused in entity extraction and then an entity linking with a specific knowledge graph such as Wikidata. This work compares different named entity extraction tools in the task of extracting entities in a requirements specification. - Documento de conferencia
Acceso Abierto An Approach to Cluster Scenarios According to their Similarity using Natural Language Processing(2023) Delle Ville, Juliana; Torres, Diego; Fernández, Alejandro; Antonelli, LeandroScenarios are ideal to capture knowledge in human computer interface software engineering. Requirements engineering is a fundamental part of software development. If errors appear in this stage, it will be expensive to correct them in further stages. The domain experts and the developer team belong to different worlds. This generates a gap in communication between them. Because of it, it is important to use artifacts in natural language to communicate both sides. One simpler approach to specify requirements is Scenarios. They are widely used artifacts that generally describe the dynamics (tasks, activities) to be carried out in some specific situation. Generally, scenarios promote communication and participation from both sides. This can cause some problems. One of these problems is redundancy, that occurs when two stakeholders describe the same situation in different artifacts. This paper proposes an approach to analyze a set of scenarios by grouping them according to their similarity. The similarity is calculated through a series of comparisons of the different attributes of the scenario. This paper also describes a prototype implementing this method. Finally, the paper shows the result of a preliminary evaluation with results about the applicability of the approach. - Documento de conferencia
Acceso Abierto A Method to obtain a Knowledge Representation from a Natural Language Specification of the Domain using the Glossary LEL(2023) Antonelli, Leandro; Lezoche, Mario; Delle Ville, JulianaGood requirements (correct, consistent, unambiguous, etc.) are crucial to software development success. Errors made in the requirements stage can cost up to 200 times if they are discovered once the software is delivered to the client. Natural language artifacts are the most used tool to write requirements, since they are understandable by the both parties that participate in the software development: the stakeholders and the development team. Nevertheless, natural language can introduce many defects (ambiguity, vagueness, generality, etc.). Formal reasoning is a good strategy to check whether requirements satisfy the attributes of good requirements or not, but formal reasoning cannot be applied to natural language specification with defects. Thus, this paper proposes an approach to write a good specification and obtain knowledge from it. The approach uses a particular lexicon, the glossary LEL, and it suggest guidelines to write good specification, and it also suggest rules to obtain knowledge (concepts and relations) from the glossary LEL. The paper also presents a prototype to assist to this approach, and a preliminary evaluation of the approach. - Artículo
Acceso Abierto Wiki support for automated definition of software test cases(2019) Antonelli, Leandro; Hozikian, Mariángeles; Camilleri, Guy; Fernandez, Alejandro; Grigera, Julian; Torres, Diego; Zarate, PascaleThe design of tests is a very important step in the software development process since the set of tests should match the users’ expectations (captured through the requirements) with the finished product (the application) in order to show that the requirements are implemented. Being considered as a cumbersome activity, efforts have been made to automatize and alleviate the burden of test generation, but it is still a largely neglected step. We propose taking advantage of existing requirement artifacts, like Scenarios that describe the dynamic of the domain in a very early stage of software development, to obtain tests from them. In particular, the approach proposed complements the Scenarios that are textually described with a glossary, the Language Extended Lexicon. Thus, a set of rules to derive tests from Scenarios is also proposed. The tests are described using the Task/Method model. The main contributions of this work consist of an extension of a previously presented set of rules, and their implementation in a tool based on a media wiki platform that, through semantic support, makes it possible to record Scenarios and the Language Extended Lexicon to obtain the tests in an automatic way. - Documento de conferencia
Acceso Abierto Scenarios, shared understanding, and group decision support to foster innovation networks(2023) Agredo-Delgado, Vanessa; Antonelli, Leandro; Collazos, César A.; Fernández, Alejandro; Zaraté, Pascale; Camiller, Guy; Hurtado, Julio; Lezoche, Mario; Motz, Regina; Panetto, Herve; Torres, DiegoCollaborative innovation involves diverse individuals and organizations working together to develop new ideas, products, or services. Successful collaboration in networked innovation projects is challenging due to the need to cross the knowledge boundaries that exist between organizations, disciplines, and cognitive frames. We propose an approach to support knowledge mobilization and learning in networked innovation projects. Scenarios, stored in a shared repository, are used to capture and share information about application and solution domains. A collaborative process guides participants to reach a shared understanding and construct shared meaning. Stakeholders engage in a collaborative decision-making process of scenario ranking that includes identifying and negotiating comparison criteria. Although the approach is presented with examples in the domain of agriculture, where validation of the constituent elements took place, it is domain independent. - Artículo
Acceso Abierto Generic software for benchmarking Formal Concept Analysis: Orange3 integration(2023) Leutwyler, Nicolas; Lezoche, Mario; Panetto, Hervé; Torres, DiegoThanks to the internet of things (IoT) and cyber physical systems (CPS), we face an incremental growth of the available data, either on the internet or in private databases. This resulted in data mining techniques becoming an essential piece in the information retrieval process. Moreover, trends like the industry 4.0 encourages its usage to support data driven decisions, for instance. Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is one of the most used techniques in the unsupervised data mining field due to its inherent ability to find patterns between concepts. As a consequence, many applications need the use of fast algorithms to perform the calculations to retrieve either the lattice or the association rules related with the data at their disposal. Due to this, scientists often rely on manually crafted benchmarks to compare how certain algorithms perform under different circumstances. In this work, we propose the architecture of a software to generalize these benchmarks independently of the algorithms, to be integrated in the open source data analysis software Orange3. - Documento de conferencia
Acceso Abierto Detección automática de problemas de accesibilidad a partir de eventos de interacción de usuario(2022) Toledo, Maximiliano Jonathan; Grigera, Julián; Garrido, AlejandraMuchas actividades de nuestra vida cotidiana se encuentran integradas a aplicaciones web, las cuales deben ser accesibles a todos los usuarios. Por esto resulta fundamental incorporar la accesibilidad al proceso de desarrollo. Para facilitar esta integración y la detección de problemas de accesibilidad, en este trabajo se desarrolló una herramienta automática para la detección y reporte de este tipo de problemas denominada ABF (Accessibility BadSmells Finder). La misma busca ayudar a los desarrolladores a proveer sitios web accesibles, gracias a que realiza búsquedas dinámicas de diversos problemas de accesibilidad y que no son detectados por otras herramientas debido a la complejidad de su detección. - Documento de conferencia
Acceso Abierto Crane: a local deployment tool for containerized applications(2022) Arcidiacono, José; Bazán, Patricia; Del Rio, Nicolás; Lliteras, Alejandra BeatrizApplication deployment as one of the software development stages has become more complex in the presence of distributed architectures that in-volve a variety of tools, and, with them, configuration differences, versioning and communication protocols. Even when cloud services have contributed a so-lution in this sense, it is still difficult to deploy distributed applications in on-premise environments. The container concept as packages that include the application code, its de-pendencies, libraries and services required for its correct execution, turns out to be an alternative for streamlining application deployment and it allows taking the virtualization concept to the operative system. However, it adds a software layer that requires monitoring and management. There are robust solutions for administering and monitoring containers but they also require computing resources that sometimes exceed the capacity of the average computer used for development, and they make local deployment diffi-cult. In this work, Crane, a tool for local deployment of containerized applications is presented. This tool has the characteristic of being lightweight, of general purpose and with automatic scaling capacities, which differentiates it from the Minikube tool, which allows some local Kubernetes API testing and is used mainly for the development of new features for the latter. - Artículo
Acceso Abierto Dynamic detection of accessibility smells(2023) Durgam, Fernando; Grigera, Julián; Garrido, AlejandraAutomatic detection of accessibility problems is mainly performed by checking for compliance with guidelines on the HTML structure of web pages. While this method can find many problems, it has limitations in detecting difficulties that occur during user interaction. The purpose of this work is to find problematic sequences of interaction events, which we call Accessibility Events. These events occur dynamically as the user interacts with the page and can result in automatic detection of accessibility problems, called Accessibility Smells. We focus on visually impaired users interacting with the web through screen readers. Using previously and recently defined Accessibility Smells, we design Accessibility Events and heuristics to detect them. We describe an empirical study with visually impaired users accessing different pages with known Accessibility Smells. Using a logging tool, we capture Accessibility Events and report on their relationship (or lack thereof) with those smells. For the study, we recruited 8 volunteers, who performed user tests in different websites. During the study, we automatically captured the events on the interfaces and found that out of the 100 events detected during the sessions, 64 resulted in accessibility odors and 19 did not. The remaining 17 were inconclusive, but helped to reformulate the current odor heuristics to analyze potential new ones. The results indicate that it is possible to characterize special patterns of Accessibility Events that may be used to detect potential accessibility issues. While further studies are necessary, our findings provide a base ground for the dynamic detection of accessibility problems in web applications. - Documento de conferencia
Acceso Abierto Patterns for Anonymity Enhancing Cryptocurrencies Non-Custodian Mobile Wallets(2022) Gindre, Francisco; Urbieta, Matías; Rossi, Gustavo HéctorSince their appearance in 2009, the use of cryptocurrencies has been growing constantly in terms of market cap and adoption. This boom is publicly visible as well as the grand majority of the decentralized finance transactions. Despite the use of advanced cryptography, privacy in the "crypto world" is relatively low, with certain exceptions: Privacy Coins (or Anonymity Enhanced Coins, AEC). Studies show that adoption is growing steadily on younger generation of users mostly through mobile devices and applications. This work focuses on patterns for developing mobile wallets for AECs, analyzing the cryptocurrencies Monero and primarily Zcash, taking the latter as study case. Its contributions are four design patterns that capture functional and non-functional requirements to develop a non-custodian privacy coin mobile wallet and a reference architecture that addresses these requirements in an abstract manner. - Documento de conferencia
Acceso Abierto AlfaDatizando: a Data Visualization Platform to work Computational Thinking in Digital Humanities(2022) Lliteras, Alejandra Beatriz; Artopoulos, Alejandro Martín; Fernández, Alejandro; Huarte, JimenaComputational Thinking is one of the fundamental skills of the 21st century and will be a necessary part of all future work, so it is essential that children learn it in school. One way to work on Computational Thinking is through data visualization. This paper presents the motivation, design and implementation of a platform called AlfaDatizando, through which it is possible to work with data visualization activities to promote the skill of Computational Thinking in Digital Humanities. AlfaDatizando allows the creation, resolution, and feedback of data visualization activities without the need to use another platform. It also allows sharing didactic sequences and data sources with the educational community registered in the platform. AlfaDatizando is still in an early stage of development. - Documento de conferencia
Acceso Abierto A Model of Adaptive Gamification in Collaborative Location-Based Collecting Systems(2022) Dalponte Ayastuy, María; Torres, Diego; Fernández, AlejandroGamification is a widely used resource to engage and retain users. It is about the use of game elements and mechanics in systems and domains that are not naturally games. Nevertheless, the usage of gamification does not always achieve the expected results due to the too much generalized approach that makes invisible the different motivations, characteristics and playing styles among the players. Currently, research on adaptive gamification deals with the gamification that each particular user needs at a particular moment, adapting gamification to users and contexts. Collaborative location-based collecting systems (CLCS) are a particular case of collaborative systems where a community of users collaboratively collect geo-referenced data. This article proposes an adapted gamification approach for CLCS, through the automatic game challenge generation. Particularly a model of user profile considering the spacetime behavior and challenge completion, a model for the different types of challenges applicable in CLCS, a model for the CLCS objectives and coverage, and a strategy for the application of Machine Learning techniques for adaptation.