Examinando por Autor "Carol, E."
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Acceso Abierto Cambios geomorfológicos en la Planicie Costera del Río de La Plata: Implicancias en la relación agua superficial – agua subterránea(2012) Melo, M.; Carol, E.; Kruse, EduardoEl desarrollo socieconómico de una planicie costera produce modificaciones en las condiciones geomorfológicas e hidrológicas naturales. La planicie costera del Río de la Plata superior se sitúa en el noreste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Su ubicación estratégica próxima a la capital del país dio lugar en las últimas décadas a un rápido desarrollo urbanístico e industrial. El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar cómo los cambios geomorfológicos ocurridos en la línea de costa, producto del desarrollo socioeconómico, modifican la relación agua superficial – agua subterránea. Para ello se tomó como caso de estudio un sector de la planicie costera comprendido en los Partidos de Tigre, San Fernando y San Isidro. En base al análisis de cartas topográficas, fotografías aéreas e imágenes satelitales se realizó un estudio detallado de la variación en la morfología de la línea de costa. En condiciones naturales el acuífero freático descarga en el Río de la Plata modificándose localmente el flujo cuando el nivel del río supera el nivel de descarga subterránea. Las modificaciones antrópicas, como la elevación en la cota del terreno o la creación de muelles, amarraderos y vías de acceso naúticas, alteran la relación natural que existe entre los flujos de agua superficial y subterránea. El estudio realizado revela cómo los cambios en la geomorfología pueden afectar la hidrodinámica natural del sistema, la cual debe ser considerada al momento de urbanizar las planicies costeras, para así lograr un manejo sustentable del recurso hídrico. - Artículo
Acceso Abierto Control geológico - geomorfológico en la hidroquímica subterránea de un sector de la zona deprimida del Salado, provincia de Buenos Aires(2011) Kruse, Eduardo; Carol, E.; Deluchi, Marta; Laurencena, Patricia; Rojo, AdolfoEl objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los procesos geoquímicos que asociados a las particularidades geológicas - geomorfológicas definen las características químicas del agua en un sector de la zona deprimida del Salado. En un ambiente extremadamente llano se reconocen formas menores que adquieren influencia hidrológica local. Las relaciones iónicas evidencian procesos de disolución de CO2(g) en todos los ambientes indicando la importancia de la recarga del acuífero por infiltración del agua de lluvia. En los mantos y lomadas eólicas el agua es de tipo Na-HCO3 y su composición se asocia a procesos de disolución de carbonatos cálcicos e intercambio de bases. En la planicie de inundación el agua evoluciona de tipo Na-HCO3 a tipo Na-ClSO4 y dominan los procesos de evaporación. Estas variaciones en la composición química del agua permiten determinar el control que ejercen los rasgos geomorfológicos locales en un ambiente regionalmente llano. - Artículo
Embargado Environmental isotopes applied to the evaluation and quantification of evaporation processes in wetlands: a case study in the Ajó Coastal Plain wetland, Argentina(2015) Carol, E.; Braga, F.; Da Lio, C.; Kruse, Eduardo; Tosi, L.In the Ajó coastal plain, which occurs in the south of the Samborombón Bay, Argentina, certain sectors of the wetland are influenced by the tidal flow, whereas others are not. In the tidally restricted Ajó wetlands, the evapotranspiration process is one of the most important components of the water balance due to fact that the flat morphology and low soil permeability make the flow of surface and groundwater difficult. Although evaporation is an important component of evapotranspiration, a quantitative estimation of this process is still lacking or poorly known. In this work, we quantify the evaporation term in the tidally restricted wetlands by applying isotopic modelling and assessing the hydrological response of the wetland by means of other methodologies, such as satellite imaging and level measurements. The results show that during deficit periods, the total evaporation ranges between 10 and 33% of the local precipitation. In groundwater samples, it fluctuates between 2 and 13%, whereas in surface water it varies between 8 and 20%. Analyses of the water budget, satellite images and water level time series provide evidence on how evaporation processes regulate the hydrology of the wetland. The water balance suggests the occurrence of a deficit period, in which the satellite images show a reduction of the waterlogged areas and lakes, and a lowering in surface and groundwater level is recorded. - Artículo
Embargado Influence of the geologic and geomorphologic characteristics and of crab burrows on the interrelation between surface water and groundwater in an estuarine coastal wetland(2011) Carol, E.; Kruse, Eduardo; Pousa, JorgeThe interrelation between surface water and groundwater in intertidal flats is often studied through mathematical models. In many cases these models need to be supported by an integral analysis of the geologic, geomorphologic, hydrologic and biological characteristics of the environment that are to be obtained from field surveys. The marshy environment of the River Ajo in the Samborombon Bay wetland, Argentina, is a typical example of an estuarine coastal zone. Geologic and geomorphologic surveys were carried out, as well as measurements of surface water and groundwater level changes as a response of the aquifer to tidal forcing. The banks of the River Ajo are either scarped with storm flats, or mildly sloped with intertidal flats and numerous crab burrows. Sediments are mainly silty-clayey with low permeability, and lie over silty-sandy layers. At the erosion scarps the tidal wave enters the aquifer as a sub-horizontal flow through the pore space of the sediments. The tidal range in the aquifer depends on the lithological characteristics of the sediments and on the side changes of their hydraulic conductivity. The rise of the water table at high water and its subsequent fall are nearly sinusoidal, with a period similar to that of the tide at the river. At the intertidal flats, instead, the tidal wave enters the aquifer mainly as a sub-vertical flow through the crab burrows. As the crab burrows are not interconnected, they are not distinct pathways for preferential flow. Therefore, the groundwater flux into the river is very slow during low water, and the recovery of the water table takes a long time. The tidal influence upon the water table on both kinds of banks affects only a narrow strip of the aquifer. Not only are the characteristics of the marshy environment of the River Ajo representative of most of the Samborombon Bay wetland; they can also be extended to other similar coastal wetlands to help preserve these invaluable environments. - Artículo
Embargado Ionic exchange in groundwater hydrochemical evolution(2012) Carol, E.; Kruse, Eduardo; Laurencena, Patricia; Rojo, Adolfo; Deluchi, MartaThe phreatic aquifer beneath the Pampean plain, in eastern central Argentina, constitutes a relevant source of water supply in the area. The objective of this work was to assess the significance of the cation exchange processes in the hydrochemical evolution of this aquifer, based on a study case located in the middle and upper basin of the El Pescado creek. Results indicate that Ca2+/Na+ exchange is the main process determining the evolution of groundwater from the recharge areas (Ca–HCO3) towards the local discharge areas (Na–HCO3), as well as representing a source of Na+ contribution to the water in the aquifer. This hydrochemical characteristic is central to the identification of local discharge areas within a plain environment which extends regionally. The ion exchange capacity of these discharge areas has environmental importance, due to its influence on groundwater quality and potential groundwater uses. These results may be applied to any aquifer sharing similar hydrogeological characteristics. - Artículo
Embargado Surface water and groundwater characteristics in the wetlands of the Ajó River (Argentina)(2012) Carol, E.; Dragani, W.; Kruse, Eduardo; Pousa, JorgeIntertidal wetlands are complex hydrological environments in which surface water and groundwater interact periodically with tidal flows. This work analyzes how the tidal flow determines the hydrodynamics and salinity of surface water and groundwater at different depths in the intertidal wetland located in the marsh of the Ajó River. Water level and salinity measurements were obtained from the Ajó River, the channels discharging into the river and the phreatic aquifer. The results in the natural marsh indicate the presence of saline stratification and that the surface water–groundwater relationship varies with the tide. At low tide, the water table discharges into the surface watercourses, and when the high tide rises above the regional groundwater discharge level, the tidal flow contributes to the water table, which causes an increase in salinity in surface water and groundwater. When the high tide does not rise above the discharge level, the tidal flow only enters the groundwater at the mouth section and the salinity of the surface water and groundwater decreases from low tide to high tide. In the marsh areas excluded from the tidal cycle due to the presence of floodgates, the water table always discharges into the canals, and in the surface water and groundwater there is no presence of saline stratification. The results obtained make it possible to generate a conceptual model of hydrological behaviour which shows the hydrodynamic and hydrochemical complexity of intertidal wetlands.