Fusarium head blight is a fungal disease caused by a complex ofFusariumspecies on cereals, such as barley and wheat. It has economic impacts due to yield reductions and mycotoxin contamination. As barley production has increased considerably in the last 5years in Argentina, a survey was conducted for identifyingFusariumspecies associated with barley grains.Fusarium cerealiswas isolated and identified based on morphological and molecular analysis. The potential production of nivalenol and zearalenone was assessed using specific PCR assays. Koch′s postulates were carried out to confirm the pathogenicity of the fungus.